THE NEW GROVE   DICTIONARY OF   MUSIC AND   MUSICIANS (PRINT)

(Newsom, 2001)

Newsom, J. (2001). Dickinson, George Sherman. In The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Macmillan.

(Newsom, 2001)

Newsom, J. (2001). Dickinson, George Sherman. In Grove Music Online. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.07742.

  [The DOI (Digital Object Identifier) for an article in Grove Music Online is located immediately beneath the article's title and authors.]

 LINER NOTES: from a  sound  recording

(Obiera, 1998)

Obiera, P. (1998). “Lyricism and exotic colour.” In The pearl fishers (pp. 4-5) [CD liner notes]. Germany: Philips Classics.   

 SOUND RECORDING:          BASICS

(Writer/composer, copyright year, track(s))

In text citations include side and band or track numbers.

Writer/Composer, Initials. (date of copyright). Title of song/composition [Recorded by artist if different from writer/composer]. On Title of album [Medium of recording: CD, record, cassette, etc.]. Location: Label. (Recording date if different from copyright date)

It is uncommon for copyright dates of compositions to be given on music recordings. With classical compositions the dates of composition are likely to appear in liner notes; failing this, they may be obtained from major reference works such as Grove's dictionary of music and musicians. (n.d.) is the standard abbreviation where the date is not known.

 Sound recording:

 CD

(Palestrina, n.d., tracks 1-7)

Palestrina, G. P. da. (n.d.) Missa: Dum complerentur [Recorded by Christchurch Cathedral Choir]. On Mass for Pentecost and motets [CD]. Wyastone Leys: Nimbus Records. (1987).

Woolf, R. (Presenter). (2008, December 10). Drive [Radio broadcast].   Perth, Australia: Australian Broadcasting Commission.

 SOUND RECORDING   (ONLINE): BASICS

 For more information  see   APA blog or Referencing   @Portsmouth

(Writer/composer, date)

Writer/Composer, Initials. (date of copyright). Title of song/composition [Recorded by artist if different from writer/composer]. On Title of album [Medium of recording: CD, mp3, etc.]. Retrieved from web address (Recording date if different from copyright date)

In general use the DOI if available, otherwise, use the URL. See DOI and URL Flowchart - APA Style Blog.

 Sound recording: (Online)

(Wilson, 1979)

Wilson, R. (1979). Sour Flowers. On Brash Attacks. [Streaming album] Retrieved from https://vassar.naxosmusiclibrary.com/catalogue/item.asp?cid=TROY1080 (2008)

  Note: On this recording Richard Wilson is the performer.

 MUSIC SCORE:   BASICS

      (Composer, date)

Composer, A. A. (Date). Title of work [Format]. Location: Publisher.

 Identify which type of     score you are   citing (e.g. Vocal     score, Orchestral score):

(Picker & McClatchy, 1995)

Picker, T. (Composer), & McClatchy, J. D. (Librettist). (1995). Emmeline: An opera in two acts [Score and parts]. Mainz, Germany: Schott Helicon.

 Include the original   publication date:

 (Haydn, 1798/2001)

Haydn, F. J. (2001). The creation [Score]. Mineola, NY: Dover. (Original work published 1798)

 If works are known by   unique catalogue numbers,   include them as part of the   title:

 (Mozart, 1791/1970)

Mozart, W. A. (1970). Die Zauberflöte [The magic flute], K. 620 [Vocal score]. Munich, Germany: Becksche Verlagsbuchhandlung. (Original work published 1791) 

  Music score: (Online)

(Stravinsky, 1989)

Stravinsky, I. (1989). Rite of spring [Score]. Mineola: Dover Publications. Retrieved from http://www.petruccilibrary.us/linkhandler.php?path=files/imglnks/music_files/PMLUS00725-complete1.pdf  (Original work published 1911-13, Rev. 1943)

In general use the DOI if available, otherwise, use the URL. See DOI and URL Flowchart - APA Style Blog.

 Music score in set of   complete works

(Verdi, 1983)

Verdi, G. (1983). Rigoletto: Melodrama in three acts. In P. Gossett (Series Ed.) & M. Chusid (Vol. Ed.), The works of Giuseppe Verdi: Series 1, Operas (Vol. 17) [Score]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

 Music score in an   anthology

(Schumann, 1849/1988)

Schumann, R. (1988). Kennst du das Land [Knowest thou where], Op. 79 [Vocal score]. In C. V. Palisca (Ed.), Norton Anthology of Western Music (2nd ed., pp. 338-342). New York: Norton. (Original work published in 1849)

  LIBRETTO:

(Sondheim & Lapine, 2008)

Sondheim, S. & Lapine, J. (2008). Into the woods [Libretto]. New York: Theatre Communications Group, Inc.