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Research Essentials for the Social Sciences

Essential skills, resources and tools for research in social science disciplines.

What is an Annotated Bibliography

An annotated bibliography is a list of resources formatted in a specific citation style, followed by annotations which include:

  • your summary of the source,
  • your assessment of the source, and
  • the ways you might use the source.

Talk with your professor or review your assignment for any additional instructions.

Writing the annotation in your own words is key to the success of your annotated bibliography, and having it serve as a foundational step towards a larger project. It's an opportunity to meaningfully engage with a work, serve as a record as to why you selected the source, and is critical to avoiding accidental plagiarism, i.e. accidentally having phrases by the source's author(s) appear in your final project. 

You annotation will not address every bullet point listed below, and the length of the annotation will determine the level of detail. Some researchers find synthesis grids helpful in mapping out their annotations. 

Summarize

  • What is this source about?
  • What are the main points or arguments?
  • What topics are covered? 
  • What methods or approach did the researchers use? 
  • What are the main findings or conclusions? How does this source contribute to the field? 

Assess

  • What are the strengths and weaknesses of the source?
  • How is this source unique when compared to other sources on the same topic. Is it a useful source?
  • Is the information reliable? Is this source biased or objective?
  • What/who does the source include, or leave out? Are the source's arguments persuasive, informative, controversial?

Reflect

  • How might you envision using this source in your research project?
  • How central is this source to your research?
  • How does it help you shape your argument or change how you think about your topic?

Adapted from: 
Annotated Bibliographies, Purdue OWL
Wentz. How to Design, Write, and Present a Successful Dissertation Proposal. Sage Research Methods.