Pain. E. How to (Seriously) Read a Scientific Article.Science.
Tips and advice solicited from 12 scientists across different career stages and fields. 

Posner, M. How to Read Scholarly Books and Articles. miriamposner.com. 
Fantastic list of resources including slides from Prof. Posner's digital humanities course (UCLA.) 

Carey, MA, Steiner, KL, Petri, WA Jr. Ten simple rules for reading a scientific paper. PLoS Computational Biology. Overlapping with our six strategies, this article goes into more details re: interpreting data, tables, and offers some more holistic advise.